The Paper of
General Biology II
The
Environment
Compiled By :
Amelia
Fitri (RSA1C411012)
Annisa Ulhusnah (RSA1C411002)
Auliya
Nurrahman (RSA1C411013)
Putri
Ramadhani (RSA1C4110
Rafika
Sari (RSA1C411010)
Rizpo
Hidayat (RSA1C411028)
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD SCHOOL TEACHER EDUCATION
OF
BIOLOGY
UNIVERSITY
OF JAMBI
2012
PREFACE
Firstly, we would like to Thank to Allah SWT , because of an abundance of His grace and guidance, this
paper can be resolved. The paper is
structured to fulfill the
General Biology II’s task ,with title “The Environment”
In preparing this paper, we got a lot of guidance from various
parties. Therefore, we would like to thank to people that have been helped us,especially for Mrs. Mia Aina,S.Pd, as our
General Biology II’s lecturer.
We realize that in the
preparation of this
paper ,there are still many mistakes in terms
of the material presented and the structure of the
language used. It is caused by the limitations that we have. For that we are looking forward to criticisms, constructive suggestions and corrections from the readers.
Finally, we hope this
paper can be useful and make contributes to readers and the world.
Thank You.
Jambi, March 2012
Authors
CONTENT
LIST
COVER
PAGE ......................................................................................... 1
PREFACE ................................................................................................. 2
CONTENT
LIST ...................................................................................... 3
CHAPTER
I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background .......................................................................................... 4
1.2. Problem Formulations .......................................................................... 4
CHAPTER II DISCUSSION
2.1
Definiton.............................................................................................. 5
2.3 Elements of the Environment.............................................................. 6
2.4 Types of Environment......................................................................... 7
2.5 Components of Environment............................................................... 7
2.6 Factors that
Affect
the Nature of the Environment............................ 8
2.7 The
Benefits and Risks
of Environment............................................. 8
2.8 Role of Humans in the Environment.................................................. 9
CHAPTER III CLOSURE
3.1 Conclusions........................................................................................... 11
3.2 Advice..................................................................................................
11
REFERENCES.......................................................................................... 12
CHAPTER
I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Human life can not be separated from its environment. Both
the natural environment and social environment. We need to breathe from the
surrounding environment. We eat, drink, health, environment all require. Human
life on earth are not alone, bu t together with other creatures, namely plants, animals and
microorganisms. Other living beings is not just a friend who lived life with a
neutral or passive to the human being, but human life is closely related to
them. This fact can be easily seen by supposing the earth there is no plant or
animal. From which we can get the oxygen and foods ?
Conversely if there were no humans, plants and microorganisms and animals can not continue to thrive, as seen from the history of the
earth before humans. Humans with plants, animals and microorganisms occupying a particular space. Except for
living things, in space there is also inanimate objects, such as air, water, soil and rock. Space occupied by
a living thing along with the inanimate environment of living things in them called it. Therefore, in this paper
will discuss the environmental and
its scope.
1.2 Problem formulation
1.
What is the meaning of the environment for
living things?
2. How does the influence of environment for living things?
CHAPTER
II
DISCUSSION
2.1
Definitions
2.1.1 According to the
Language
The environment is everything that is around people who
influenced the development of human life, either directly or indirectly.
2.1.2
According to the experts
• St. Munajat
Danusaputra: The environment is all the objects and conditions including
humans and their activities, contained in a space where humans are affecting
the survival and well-being of humans and other living bodies.
• One environmental scientist, Otto Soemarwoto said that the environment is everything that exists in
every living being or organism and the effect on his life.
• Emil Salim:
The environment is all things,
conditions, circumstances and influences present in the room we occupy and the
influence of living things including human life
• based on UU
number. 23, 1997, the environment is the unity of space and unity with all
living things including man and his
behavior that establishes the livelihoods and well-being of humans and other
living creatures.
• Encyclopedia of
Forestry states that the Environment is the totall of non-genetic factors that influence tree
growth and reproduction. It covers a very broad, such as soil, moisture, weather, pest and disease impact, and sometimes human intervention.
2.2 Meaning of
Environment
Human life on
earth is not alone, but together with other creatures,
namely plants, animals and microorganisms. Other living beings is not just a
friend who lived life with a neutral or passive to the human being, but human
life is closely related to them. This
fact can be easily seen by supposing the earth there is no plant or animal.
From which we get the oxygen and food s? Conversely if there were no humans,
plants and microorganisms and animals can not continue to thrive, as seen
from the history of the earth before humans. Humans with plants, animals and microorganisms occupying a particular space.
Except for living things, in space there is also inanimate objects, such as
air, water, soil and rock. The space occupied by a living thing along with inanimate objects
in it are called the living environment.
2.3
Elements of the Environment
In particular, we often use the term
of environment to mention everything that affects
the survival of all living things on earth.
Environmental elements can be divided into three, namely:
1.
Biological elements (biotic)
Elements of biological (biotic), the environmental elements
that consist of living beings, like humans, animals, plants, and
microorganisms. If you are in the school garden, the biological environment is
dominated by plants. But if you are in class,
it is the dominant biological environment of friends or fellow human beings.
2. Socio-cultural elements
Socio-cultural elements, namely the social and cultural
environment that is man-made system of values,
ideas, and beliefs in behavior as social beings. Community life can be achieved
thanks to the regularity of a system of values and norms that are recognized
and adhered to by all members of society.
3. Physical elements (Abiotic)
Physical elements (abiotic), namely environmental elements
that consist of non-living objects, such as soil, water, air, climate, and
others. The existence of the physical environment is very large role for the
survival of all life on earth. Imagine what happens if the water is no longer
on earth or air filled with smoke? Of
course, life on earth will not take place naturally. Drought will occur, many animals and plants die, are not regular
seasonal changes, the emergence of various diseases, and others.
2.4 Types of
Environment
The
types of the Environment:
1.
Natural Environment
Natural environment is a natural formation environment
consisting of various natural resources and ecosystems with its components,
whether physical, biological. Natural environment is dynamic because it has a
level of heterogeneity of the organisms that are very high.
2. Patronage Environment
The built environment / includes artificial man-made
environment built with the help or input of technology, whether technology is
simple and modern technology. The
built environment / artificial is less diverse because it was always aligned
with human needs.
3. Social Environment
Social environment formed by the social interaction within
the community. The social environment can shape the built environment is
characterized by a certain human behavior as social beings. The relationship
between the individual and society are intimately and mutually influencing and
interdependent.
2.5
Components of Environment
Divided into two components namely Environmental Abiotic
and biotic, can be explained as
follows:
1..
Biotic components (components of living organisms),
such as animals, plants, and microbes.
Based on trophic or nutritional terms, the biotic components
of the ecosystem is composed of two types as follows.
• autotrophic component (autotrophic).
Autotrophic component, which is the organism that is
able to provide or synthesize their own food in the form of organic matter
derived from inorganic materials with the aid of chlorophyll and primary energy
in the form of solar radiation. Therefore, chlorophyll-containing organisms
belonging to the class of autotrophs and in general is a group of plants.
• heterotrophic components (heterotrofhic).
Heterotrophic component, which is an organism that lives
always use organic materials as food ingredients, while the organic materials
used were provided by other organisms. Thus, the components heterotrofit obtain
food from autotrophic component, then some members of this component is to
describe the complex organic material in the form of simple inorganic materials
thus, animals, fungi, microorganisms belonging to the class of heterotrophic
components.
2. Abiotic
components (components of inanimate objects),
such as water, air, soil, and energy.
2.6
Factors that Affect
the Nature of the Environment
The nature of the environment is determined by a variety of
factors. Namely:
1.
The type and amount of each element of the
environment
2. Relationship
/ interaction between elements in the environment
3. Behavior
or condition of environmental elements
4. Non-material
factors such as temperature, light, and noise.
2.7 The Benefits and Risks
of Environment
|
Sources of
environmental benefits
and risks
|
The
benefits
|
The Risks
|
|
Climate: temperature and high humidity throughout
the year, high rainfall in
most places, weak winds, high
solar radiation
|
Good for growth, many plants
and animals throughout
the year
|
Vector peyakit and pathogens, flooding and erosion
|
|
volcano
|
Fertilization of
land, energy resources, beautiful
scenery, hotspring, the
formation and
storage of rain water
|
Destructive eruption and the
death of living
creatures, lava flooding rain
|
|
Flora and fauna
|
Biological
resources and
the gene-rich, exciting and attractive scenery, a
rich knowledge objects
|
Many pests, disease vectors and pathogens
|
|
population
|
Depreciation human resources
|
domestic waste
pollution
|
|
Development
|
Improved
sanitation, reduction
in disease vector and increasing irrigation
|
Depreciation of
resources, pollution by industrial and transportation
|
2.8
Role of Humans in the Environment
Life and human life is never independent of environmental
influences. Encourage human life demands to adapt to the environment through a
variety of ways according to the capability, this drive is not even limited to
the adaptation, but to empower them through the balancing of motivating science
and technology.
The development of human relationships with the environment
is determined by the wisdom of nature and a sense of responsibility from the
man himself as being dominant in the use of the natural environment. Science
and technology is neutral, it is useful atu damage is dependent on the human
environment that implement,
Wisdom and sense of responsibility in managing the
environment both as a guarantee of survival and fulfillment of life, is a
manifestation of awareness of environmental ethics in everyone. Environmental
ethics is the ethics of human beings in the universe memangdang himself.
Humans are the biotic components of the environment that has
a high fikir and reasoning. Besides, humans have a culture, social institutions
and knowledge and technology to grow. The role of humans in an environment that
is positive and there is no negative. Human role is the role of the negative
environmental harm. These losses are directly or indirectly arising from human
activities in meeting the needs of life, people who are positive role is a role
that benefits the environment because it can result in protecting and
preserving the environmental carrying capacity.
The negative
roles of people, include
:
1.
Exploitation beyond the limit so that
inventories shrank more and Natural Resources (depletion);
2. Extinction
or decline in total species richness, which is also a source of germplasm;
3. Changes
in natural ecosystems become steady and balanced ecosystem that is not built
for continuous steady requires energy subsidies;
4. The
changing profile of the earth's surface which can destabilize the soil to cause
erosion;
5. Entry
of material or energy of specific compounds into the environment that cause
water pollution, air and soil. This resulted in environmental degradation.
Pollution can have negative impacts on the environment and on man himself;
the
benefit role of human to the
the environment include:
1.
The exploitation of natural resources appropriately and wisely, especially
non-renewable natural resources;
2. Forestation and
reforestation held to preserve the diversity of flora as well as to prevent
erosion and flooding;
3. The process of
recycling and waste treatment to levels of pollutants are discharged into the
environment do not exceed the threshold value;
4. Doing
the farming systems
with intercropping or multi culture method
to maintain soil
fertility. For sloping agricultural land, it has made sengkedan to prevent erosion
and
floating the soil
that containing
humus
5.
Make the rules, organization or other laws to protect the environment and the
diversity
of living species.
CHAPTER III
CLOSURE
3.1 Conclusion
Environment has the
important mean
to the survival
of the earth,
because in
that environment
interactions
/ relationships
between each other,
namely
the relationship
between
components of
biotic and
abiotic
components,
and between
biotic
and
biotic
components.
3.2 Advice
we
as humans as sentient beings who live in the environment shoul love environment
more and treat it by taking care to keep a balance.
REFERENCES
Anonymous.
2011.
Understanding
the Environment
According to
the experts.
Accessed
on
March 13, 2012.
http://pengertian-definisi.blogspot.com
Damayanti.
2011.
Environmental
concept.
Accessed
on
March 12, 2012.
http://damaypunya.blogspot.com/2011/05/konsep-lingkungan.html
Geography.
2011. The Environmental Definitions According
to the EExperts.
Accessed
on
March 13, 2012.
http://geografi-geografi.blogspot.com
Soemarwoto,
O.
2004. Ecology, Environment, and Development.
New York:
Oxford University Press
Smayamtala.
2009. Role
of Humans
in the
Environment. Accessed
on
March 14, 2012.
https://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=86226068961
